Influencia del miedo a caer y de la autopercepción del equilibrio en la movilidad funcional de los adultos mayores
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/gb.v1i1.0004Palabras clave:
Rendimiento Físico Funcional; Velocidad de Marcha; Estado Funcional; Autoimagen; Salud Mental.Resumen
Introducción: Las caídas y el miedo a caer (Fear of Falling – FOF) tienen consecuencias considerables para la salud de las personas mayores, generando limitaciones físicas y psicológicas que afectan la realización de actividades diarias. La autopercepción del equilibrio, aunque poco investigada, puede interferir en la motivación y la confianza de los mayores para moverse, afectando su independencia funcional. Objetivo: Investigar la asociación entre el FOF y la autopercepción del equilibrio, así como la influencia de estas variables en la movilidad funcional. Métodos: Participaron 152 adultos mayores independientes de la comunidad, con edades entre 60 y 84 años. Se evaluó la autopercepción del equilibrio y el FOF, y se realizaron pruebas clínicas: equilibrio unipodal (SLS), prueba de levantarse y caminar (TUG), prueba de levantarse y sentarse cinco veces (5TSS) y velocidad de la marcha (GS). Se utilizó regresión logística binaria para analizar la asociación entre FOF y autopercepción del equilibrio. Para evaluar la relación con el desempeño en las pruebas clínicas, se aplicó regresión lineal múltiple ajustada. Resultados: El FOF se asoció positivamente con el TUG (p = 0,013) y negativamente con la GS (p = 0,004). La autopercepción del equilibrio se asoció positivamente con el SLS (p = 0,001) y la GS (p = 0,038), y negativamente con el TUG (p = 0,004). Conclusión: Tanto el FOF como una percepción negativa del equilibrio afectan negativamente la movilidad funcional. Sin embargo, la autopercepción del equilibrio mostró una influencia más amplia en las pruebas funcionales, mientras que el FOF se asoció solo con tareas que implican cambios en la base de apoyo.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Anne Caroline Lima Bandeira, Jaqueline Mello Porto, Renato Campos Freire Júnior, Daniela Cristina Carvalho de Abreu (Autor)
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