Síndrome metabólica e fatores de risco em atletas táticos: Uma revisão narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62827/eb.v24i6.4202Palavras-chave:
Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico; Saúde Ocupacional; Indicadores de Doenças Crônicas; Estresse Ocupacional; Ciências da Nutrição e do Esporte.Resumo
Introdução: A síndrome metabólica (SM) tem emergido como um dos agravos mais relevantes entre profissionais classificados como atletas táticos, categoria que inclui policiais militares, bombeiros, militares e outros agentes de resposta emergencial submetidos a elevadas exigências fisiológicas, cognitivas e psicossociais. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo, por meio de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, analisar a relação entre a condição tática e o desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica, com ênfase nos determinantes ocupacionais, fisiológicos e nutricionais que modulam o risco cardiometabólico desses profissionais. Métodos: Para isso, realizou-se uma busca estruturada por artigos originais e revisões entre 2007 e 2025, com foco em aspectos fisiológicos, ocupacionais, composição corporal, neuroendocrinologia do estresse, cronobiologia, nutrição e epidemiologia da SM em atletas táticos. Resultados: viu-se que atletas táticos operam sob demandas superiores às de muitos atletas de alto rendimento, apresentando alternância entre esforços intensos e períodos prolongados de hipervigilância, uso constante de equipamentos pesados, irregularidade alimentar, privação de sono, estresse crônico e baixa recuperação fisiológica, fatores que ativam de forma repetida os eixos hipotálamo–hipófise–adrenal, tireoideano e gonadal, promovendo desregulação hormonal, aumento de gordura visceral, resistência à insulina e elevação de marcadores inflamatórios. Houve prevalências elevadas de SM e de seus componentes em policiais e militares, superando valores da população geral e reforçando que a SM nesse grupo não é fortuita, mas expressão de um ambiente ocupacional intrinsicamente obesogênico e cardiotóxico. Conclusão: a SM em atletas táticos é um fenômeno multifatorial, determinado por condições ocupacionais específicas que interagem com fatores nutricionais e fisiológicos, exigindo intervenções integradas que vão além da prescrição alimentar isolada e envolvem mudanças institucionais, programas contínuos de promoção da saúde e vigilância metabólica sistemática ao longo da carreira.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Geanderson Sampaio de Oliveira, Luís Carlos Abreu , Roberta Luksevicius Rica , André Soares Leopoldo , Danilo Sales Bocalini , Romeu Paulo Martins Silva (Autor)
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